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Emerging Trends in Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography and Common Bile Duct Exploration—Reply

David Flook, MCh, MRCS; Bilal Alkhaffaf, FRCS; Edward Parkin, FRCS
Arch Surg. 2011;146(11):1336-1337. doi:10.1001/archsurg.2011.305.
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As Dr Maa has observed, the April 2011 “Image of the Month” article raises a number of issues regarding the management of gallstone problems. In the gall bladder, stones are a nuisance. In the bile duct, they are potentially lethal. Prior to the 1980s, surgeons essentially held sole responsibility for the treatment of common bile duct stones. In patients presenting with clear evidence of common bile duct stones who appear unfit for cholecystectomy, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is often performed to drain and/or clear the bile duct. In a significant proportion of cases, this can eliminate the need for cholecystectomy, but complete surgical clearance of gallstones should be our aim wherever possible.1

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

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Correspondence

November 1, 2011
John Maa, MD
Arch Surg. 2011;146(11):1336-1337. doi:10.1001/archsurg.2011.303.
November 1, 2011
Muhammad F. Dawwas, MRCP; Asif Jah, FRCS; William J. H. Griffiths, MRCP, PhD; Andrew P. Winterbottom, FRCR; Emmanuel L. Huguet, FRCS, PhD; Alexander E. Gimson, FRCP
Arch Surg. 2011;146(11):1336-1337. doi:10.1001/archsurg.2011.304.
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