About This Journal FREE

To promote the art and science of surgery by publishing relevant peer-reviewed clinical and basic science information to assist the surgeon in optimizing patient care. The Archives of Surgery will also serve as a forum for the discussion of issues that involve ethics, teaching, surgical history, and socioeconomic concerns. *Approved by the Editorial Board, Archives of Surgery, July 19, 1996.

Editor: Claude H. Organ, Jr, MD University of California–San Francisco, East Bay 1411 E 31st St Oakland, CA 94602 E-mail: archivesofsurgery@earthlink.net

Associate Editor, CME Section Editor: Gerald W. Peskin, MD, Oakland, Calif Editorial Assistant: Margaret M. Kosiba, Emeryville, Calif (510) 437-4940 Fax: (510) 534-5639

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Editor: Claude H. Organ, Jr, MD University of California–San Francisco, East Bay 1411 E 31st St Oakland, CA 94602 archivesofsurgery@earthlink.net

Associate Editor, CME Section Editor: Gerald W. Peskin, MD, Oakland, Calif Section Editor, Operative Techniques: Jack Pickleman, MD, Chicago, Ill Consultant in Surgical History: Ira M. Rutkow, MD, MPH, DrPH, Freehold, NJ Web Editor: Grace S. Rozycki, MD, Atlanta, Ga Editorial Assistant: Margaret M. Kosiba, Emeryville, Calif Phone: (510) 437-4940 Fax: (510) 534-5639

Timothy R. Billiar, MD, Pittsburgh, Pa Richard J. Bold, MD, Sacremento, Calif Jo Buyske, MD, Philadelphia, Pa Laurence Y. Cheung, MD, Kansas City, Kan Karen E. Deveney, MD, Portland, Ore Susan Galandiuk, MD, Louisville, Ky Clive S. Grant, MD, Rochester, Minn Alden H. Harken, MD, Denver, Colo J. Michael Henderson, MD, Cleveland, Ohio Eddie L. Hoover, MD, Buffalo, NY Joseph A. Ignatius, MD, San Francisco, Calif Danny O. Jacobs, MD, MPH, Boston, Mass Stephen F. Lowry, MD, New York, NY Ronald V. Maier, MD, Seattle, Wash David S. Mulder, MD, Montreal, Quebec Thomas A. Mustoe, MD, Chicago, Ill J. Patrick O'Leary, MD, New Orleans, La Mark L. Silen, MD, MBA, Portland, Ore Bruce E. Stabile, MD, Torrance, Calif Robert W. Thompson, MD, St Louis, Mo Steven D. Wexner, MD, Fort Lauderdale, Fla Michael E. Zenilman, MD, Brooklyn, NY

Licinio Angelini, MD, Rome, Italy Leigh W. Delbridge, MD, Sydney, NSW, Australia S. T. Fan, MB, BS, MS, Hong Kong, China Ch. Herfarth, MD, Heidelberg, Germany Kazutomo Inoue, MD, Kyoto, Japan Jin-Pok Kim, MD, Seoul, Korea Raj Mohan Nambiar, MBBS, Singapore Hector Orozco, MD, Mexico City, Mexico Bernard F. Ribeiro, MB, BS, FRCS, London, England Manuel Trias, MD, PhD, Barcelona, Spain

Dean Lewis, MD, 1920-1940 Waltman Walters, MD, 1941-1942; 1946-1961 Lester Dragstedt, MD, 1943-1945 J. Garrett Allen, MD, 1962-1969 Richard Warren, MD, 1970-1976 Arthur Baue, MD, 1977-1988

Editor in Chief: Catherine D. DeAngelis, MD, MPH Managing Editor: Cheryl Iverson Assistant to the Editor: Helga Fritz Offices: 515 N State St, Chicago, IL 60610

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Director: Curt Reilly Administrative Assistant: Christine Hearne Circulation ServicesDirector: Sue Sherrill Administrative Secretary: Bernadette Bauer Systems Manager: Alfred Tomaselli Assistant Applications Administrator: Julie Burton Specialist: Kathryn Osten Circulation Sales & MarketingManagers: Vida Damijonaitis, Michael McGraw Sales Representative: Sandra Garzon Physician Marketplace—Classified AdvertisingManager: Thalia Moss Phone: (800) 262-2260 Sales Representatives: Ana Dirksen, Jessica Hauser, Trina Rizzo, Barbara Van Wagner

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Director: William Fox

Publisher: Bonnie Chi-Lum, MD, MPH Director: Norman Frankel, PhD Permissions: Rhonda Bailey