Collateral Circulation to the Heart by Means of Cardiopneumonopexy and Lingular Vein Ligation

During the past three decades many experimental methods have been devised to provide collateral circulation to the heart, and Beck,¹ Hudson,² and Moritz³ were instrumental in initiating this surge of enthusiasm. One method which has provided considerable interest has been the grafting onto the heart of vascular organs (with their blood supply preserved), and many different organs beside the lung have been used in this respect.^4-11 Lezuis,^12,13 in 1937, was the first to employ the lung in revascularizing the heart. He sutured the adjacent lung to the heart after creating a window in the pericardium and after placing acriflavine into the pericardium. He injected several of his specimens in vitro with radiopaque material into the pulmonary artery and demonstrated the collateral vessels from the lung to the heart. Carter,¹⁴ in 1949, modified Lezuis' technique somewhat by employing asbestos paste in the pericardial sac and