July 1969, Vol 99, No. 1 >

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ARTICLE | July 1969

The Effect of Hemorrhage on Water and Electrolyte Flux in the Gastrointestinal Tract of the Dog

Gerald H. Hankes, DVM, MS; A. Wendell Nelson, DVM, PhD; Henry Swan, MD, DSc

Arch Surg. 1969;99(1):33-39. doi:10.1001/archsurg.1969.01340130035007.

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Acute arterial hemorrhage produces dramatic alterations in the cardiovascular dynamics of the body. One of the homeokinetic responses of the body to such a physiological insult is the attempted restoration of intravascular volume. The fluid of the gastrointestinal tract is considered to be a reservoir of available water.¹

Extracellular fluid (ECF) consists of four main subdivisions: (1) plasma; (2) interstitial-lymph fluid; (3) dense connective tissue, cartilage, and bone; and (4) transcellular fluid. Transcellular fluid is designated as consisting of a variety of extracellular fluid collections which are not simple transudates but have the common property of being formed by the active transport of cell membranes.² Gastrointestinal water is the largest subdivision of transcellular water. It comprises 1.4% and 3% of total body water in the human and dog, respectively.^3,4 This represents a significant volume of water that might be readily accessible to body needs, if it could

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Hankes GH, Nelson A, Swan H. The Effect of Hemorrhage on Water and Electrolyte Flux in the Gastrointestinal Tract of the Dog. Arch Surg. 1969;99(1):33-39. doi:10.1001/archsurg.1969.01340130035007.

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The Effect of Hemorrhage on Water and Electrolyte Flux in the Gastrointestinal Tract of the Dog

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