RT Journal
A1 Scherübl H
T1 Local therapy of rectal carcinoids: A matter of debate
JF Archives of Surgery
JO Archives of Surgery
YR 2009
FD February 1
VO 144
IS 2
SP 193
OP 197
DO 10.1001/archsurg.2008.542
UL http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.2008.542
AB 
Rectal carcinoids smaller than 2 cm have been and are being managed differently in different parts of the world.1- 9 Owing to a lack of controlled prospective studies, our current management of rectal carcinoids is flawed by a low level of evidence. The best we can do for the time being is to base guidelines and recommendations on all the available (retrospective) data from case series, large hospital registries, and national tumor registries. Of course, the individual patient's situation has to be considered too. A 20-mm, well-differentiated rectal carcinoid may well be managed differently in a fit, otherwise healthy 32-year-old woman than in an 85-year-old multimorbid patient.