TY  - JOUR
T1  - DEtection of colon cancer metastases with fluorescence laparoscopy in orthotopic nude mouse models
AU  - Menen RS, Kaushal S, Snyder CS, Talamini MA, Hoffman RM, Bouvet M
Y1  - 2012/09/01
N1  - 10.1001/archsurg.2012.704
JO  - Archives of Surgery
SP  - 876
EP  - 880
VL  - 147
IS  - 9
N2  - Objective 
                  To improve detection of colon cancer metastases using fluorescence laparoscopy (FL).Design 
                  An orthotopic mouse model of human colon cancer was established by intracecal injection of HCT-116 human colon cancer cells expressing green fluorescent protein into 12 mice. One group modeled early disease and the second modeled late metastatic disease. For the early-disease model, 2 weeks after implantation, 6 mice underwent 2 modalities of laparoscopy: bright field laparoscopy (BL) and FL. The number of metastases identified within each of the 4 abdominal quadrants was recorded with both laparoscopy modalities. This process was repeated in the late-metastatic disease group 4 weeks after implantation. All animals were then humanely sacrificed and imaged using open fluorescence laparoscopy (OL) as a positive control to identify metastases.Setting 
                  Basic science laboratory.Participants 
                  Twelve female, 6-week-old nude mice.Interventions 
                  Detection of tumor foci by FL compared with BL.Main Outcome Measures 
                  Number of tumors identified in each quadrant.Results 
                  Fluorescence laparoscopy enabled superior visualization of colon cancer metastases compared with BL in the early (P = .03) and late (P = .002) models of colon cancer. Compared with OL, BL was significantly inferior in the early (P = .04) and late (P < .001) groups. Fluorescence laparoscopy was not significantly different from OL in the early (P = .85) or late (P = .46) group. Thus, FL allowed identification of micrometastases that could not be distinguished from surrounding tissue using BL.Conclusions 
                  The use of FL enables identification of metastases that could not be visualized using standard laparoscopy. This report illustrates the important clinical potential for FL in the surgical treatment of cancer.
SN  - 0004-0010
M3  - doi: 10.1001/archsurg.2012.704
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.2012.704
ER  -