AU - Rutkow IM TI - MEdical education in early 19th century america PT - JOUR DP - 1999 TA - Archives of Surgery pages = {453}, VI - 134 IP - 4 AID - 10.1001/archsurg.134.4.453 [doi] 4100 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.134.4.453 SO - Archives of Surgery April 1, 1999 134(4):453